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Public resolvers

Public Resolvers: Several large organisations have announce DNS Privacy Servers - see DNS Privacy Public Resolvers
  • Quad9 (9.9.9.9) and Cloudflare (1.1.1.1) offer DNS-over-TLS on port 853
  • DOH servers are also currently listed on that page

Experimental DNS Privacy Recursive Servers

DoH servers

These are currently listed on the DNS Privacy Public Resolvers page and also the list maintained on the curl wiki. For any servers below with the note 'also does DoH' check these pages or the website of the service for the DoH endpoint.

DoT servers

The following servers are experimental DNS-over-TLS servers.

Note that they are experimental offerings (mainly by individuals/small organisations) with no guarantees on the lifetime of the service, service level provided. The level of logging may also vary (see the individual websites where available) - the information here about logging has not been verified.Also note that the single SPKI pins published here for many of these servers are subject to change (e.g on Certificate renewal) and should be used with care!!

Stubby

A YAML configuration file for Stubby containing a the details of these servers is provided with Stubby and can be found here. This file enables only the subset of servers operated by the stubby/getdns developers by default, users can choose to enable any of the other servers by uncommenting the relevant section (occasionally the file lags this page).

**Note that the Yeti servers use a different root key for DNSSEC! See the Yeti project for more details

Servers run by the Stubby developers

Hosted byIP addressesTLS PortsHostname for TLS
authentication		Base 64 encoded form of SPKI pin(s) for TLS
authentication (RFC7858)		TLSA record publishedLoggingSoftwareNotes
1) The following are currently enabled in the default Stubby config file because they are run by the stubby/getdns developers and have no known issues.
Surfnet145.100.185.15
2001:610:1:40ba:145:100:185:15		853
443		dnsovertls.sinodun.com62lKu9HsDVbyiPenApnc4sfmSYTHOVfFgL3pyB+cBL4=
YTraffic volume onlyHAProxy + BIND 9.12
Surfnet145.100.185.16
2001:610:1:40ba:145:100:185:16		853
443		dnsovertls1.sinodun.comcE2ecALeE5B+urJhDrJlVFmf38cJLAvqekONvjvpqUA=
YTraffic volume onlyNginx + BIND 9.12
getdnsapi.net185.49.141.37
2a04:b900:0:100::37		853getdnsapi.netfoxZRnIh9gZpWnl+zEiKa0EJ2rdCGroMWm02gaxSc9Q=

YTraffic volume onlyUnbound

Other servers with a 'no logging' policy

Hosted byIP addressesTLS PortsHostname for TLS
authentication		Base 64 encoded form of SPKI pin(s) for TLS
authentication (RFC7858)		TLSA record publishedLoggingSoftwareNotes
UncensoredDNS89.233.43.71 
2a01:3a0:53:53::0		853unicast.censurfridns.dkwikE3jYAA6jQmXYTr/rbHeEPmC78dQwZbQp6WdrseEs=YTraffic volume only
See https://blog.uncensoreddns.org/

Fondation RESTENA
(NREN for Luxemburg)

158.64.1.29
2001:a18:1::29

853kaitain.restena.lu7ftvIkA+UeN/ktVkovd/7rPZ6mbkhVI7/8HnFJIiLa4=
Traffic volume onlyUnboundConfigured with qname-minimisation, use-caps-for-id, aggressive-nsec,

prefetch, harden-below-nxdomain and the newest auth-zone for local root
zone caching.

Surfnet145.100.185.18
2001:610:1:40ba:145:100:185:18		853dnsovertls3.sinodun.com5SpFz7JEPzF71hditH1v2dBhSErPUMcLPJx1uk2svT8=YTraffic volume onlyHAProxy + BIND 9.12Supports TLS 1.3 and TLS 1.2. Our initial stability problems are solved... see here for details.
Surfnet145.100.185.17
2001:610:1:40ba:145:100:185:17		853dnsovertls2.sinodun.comNAXBESvpjZMnPWQcrxa2KFIkHV/pDEIjRkA3hLWogSg=YTraffic volume onlyKnot Resolver
dkg199.58.81.218
2001:470:1c:76d::53		853 443dns.cmrg.net3IOHSS48KOc/zlkKGtI46a9TY9PPKDVGhE3W2ZS4JZo=
5zFN3smRPuHIlM/8L+hANt99LW26T97RFHqHv90awjo=
NoneKnot ResolverSee https://dns.cmrg.net/ Note that on port 443 this server can serve both HTTP 1.1 traffic (to securely access the nameserver credentials) on TLS connections and DNS-over-TLS on separate TLS connections due to some nifty, experimental demultiplexing of traffic, described here.Has some issues with DNSSEC responses - this is under investigation.
dns.larsdebruin.net (Previously dns1.darkmoon.is)51.15.70.167853UPDATED on 30 Jan 2018
dns.larsdebruin.net		UPDATED on 30 Jan 2018 AAT+rHoKx5wQkWhxlfrIybFocBu3RBrPD2/ySwIwmvA=
Traffic volume onlyUnbound
securedns.eu146.185.167.43
2a03:b0c0:0:1010::e9a:3001		853dot.securedns.euh3mufC43MEqRD6uE4lz6gAgULZ5/riqH/E+U+jE3H8g=
NoneHaProxy + BindNOTE 1: SecureDNS has support for additional TLDs of OpenNIC, Emercoin, and NamecoinNOTE 2: While both secure.eu and dot.secure.eu are running pin only validation for dot.secure.eu will not work!
dns-tls.bitwiseshift.net81.187.221.24
2001:8b0:24:24::24		853dns-tls.bitwiseshift.netYmcYWZU5dd2EoblZHNf1jTUPVS+uK3280YYCdz4l4wo=
NoneUnbound
ns1.dnsprivacy.at94.130.110.185
2a01:4f8:c0c:3c03::2		853ns1.dnsprivacy.atvqVQ9TcoR9RDY3TpO0MTXw1YQLjF44zdN3/4PkLwtEY=
NoneUnboundSee https://dnsprivacy.at/
ns2.dnsprivacy.at94.130.110.178
2a01:4f8:c0c:3bfc::2		853ns2.dnsprivacy.ats5Em89o0kigwfBF1gcXWd8zlATSWVXsJ6ecZfmBDTKg=
NoneUnbound
dns.bitgeek.in (India)139.59.51.46853dns.bitgeek.inFndaG4ezEBQs4k0Ya3xt3z4BjFEyQHd7B75nRyP1nTs=
Traffic volume onlyNginx + BIND
Lorraine Data Network80.67.188.188
2001:913::8		853
443
WaG0kHUS5N/ny0labz85HZg+v+f0b/UQ73IZjFep0nM=
Traffic volume onlystunnel 4 + BINDSee https://ldn-fai.net/serveur-dns-recursif-ouvert/ (note, logging of IP address at stunnel no longer performed).
A self-signed certificate is used, so SPKI pinning is must be used.
dns.neutopia.org89.234.186.112
2a00:5884:8209::2		853
443		dns.neutopia.orgwTeXHM8aczvhRSi0cv2qOXkXInoDU+2C+M8MpRyT3OI=
No loggingKnot resolver
BlahDNS108.61.201.119
2001:19f0:7001:1ded:5400:01ff:fe90:945b

853
443

dot-jp.blahdns.com

No logging

https://blahdns.com/

NOTE1: Located in Japan. Also does DoH.
NOTE2: Note that port 443 REQUIRES an authentication name

UPDATED 22nd JAN 2018: note the authentication name has changed

BlahDNS159.69.198.101
2a01:4f8:1c1c:6b4b::1

853
443

dot-de.blahdns.com

No logging

https://blahdns.com/

NOTE1: Located in Frankfurt. Also does DoH.
NOTE2: Note that port 443 REQUIRES an authentication name

Go6Lab2001:67c:27e4::35853privacydns.go6lab.sig5lqtwHia/plKqWU/Fe2Woh4+7MO3d0JYqYJpj/iYAw=
No loggingUnbound
Tenta 99.192.182.200, 66.244.159.200853

iana.tenta.io




Traffic volume onlyTentahttps://tenta.com/privacy-policy
Tenta 99.192.182.100, 66.244.159.100853opennic.tenta.io

Traffic volume onlyTenta

NOTE: Uses OpenNIC Root!


dns.233py.comVarious, see notes853 dns.233py.com

No loggingUnbound + DOH C/S

https://dns.233py.com (Chinese language version)

Shanghai (Eastern China): 47.101.136.37/edns.233py.com
Chongqing (Western China): 118.24.208.197/wdns.233py.com
Beijing (North China): 114.115.240.175/ndns.233py.com
Guangzhou (Southern China): 119.29.107.85/sdns.233py.com

NOTE: Blocks ads and trackers. Also support DoH (see website)

Secure DNS Project by PumpleX51.38.83.141
2001:41d0:801:2000::d64		853dns.oszx.coP/Auj1pm8MiUpeIxGcrEuMJOQV+pgPY0MR4awpclvT4=
No logging
https://dns.oszx.co
NOTE1: Also does DoH and dnscrypt
NOTE2: Performs ad blocking
Foundation for Applied Privacy37.252.185.232
2a00:63c1:a:229::3

853
443

 dot1.appliedprivacy.net
YOnly aggregated logging, no PIIunbound

https://appliedprivacy.net/services/dns/

NOTE: Also does DoH and has an .onion endpoint

ibksturm.synology.me

178.82.102.190

853ibksturm.synology.me

No loggingnginx + unbound

https://github.com/ibksturm/dnscrypt-switzerland

NOTE: Also does DoH and dnscrypt
no filters, opennic root copy

DNS Warden


116.203.70.156
2a01:4f8:1c1c:75b4::1


853dot1.dnswarden.com

No loggingdnsdist

DETAILS UPDATED 18th Mar 2019

Website is a work in progress: dnswarden.com

NOTE1: These servers have ad and tracker blocking with return of NXDOMAIN for bad domains.

NOTE2: Also supports OpenNIC TLDs. Also does DoH.

DNS Warden


116.203.35.255
2a01:4f8:1c1c:5e77::1


853dot2.dnswarden.com

No loggingdnsdist

Servers with minimal logging/limitations

These servers use some logging, self-signed certs or no support for Strict mode.

Hosted byIP addressesTLS PortsHostname for TLS
authentication		Base 64 encoded form of SPKI pin(s) for TLS
authentication (RFC7858)		TLSA record publishedLoggingSoftwareNotes
NIC Chile

200.1.123.46
2001:1398:1:0:200:1:123:46		853dnsotls.lab.nic.cl pUd9cZpbm9H8ws0tB55m9BXW4TrD4GZfBAB0ppCziBg=YYes, for research purposesUnboundDetails updated 18th Sept - now uses Let's encrypt cert
OARC184.105.193.78
2620:ff:c000:0:1::64:25		853tls-dns-u.odvr.dns-oarc.netpOXrpUt9kgPgbWxBFFcBTbRH2heo2wHwXp1fd4AEVXI=
Yes, see OARC websiteUnboundSee OARC website NOTE: As of June 2017 this server does not support Strict Mode because it does not offer the correct cipher suites to match RFC7525 recommendations.
Rubyfish Internet Tech

115.159.154.226
47.99.165.31

853dns.rubyfish.cnDBDigty3zDS7TN/zbQOmnjZ0qW+qbRVzlsDKSsTwSxo=
Yes, see rubyfish website(only chinese version now)Unbound115.159.154.226/ea-dns.rubyfish.cn use upstream located in Hongkong/Janpan to resolve domains poisoned by the China-GFW，47.99.165.31/uw-dns.rubyfish.cn use upstream located in US-West.
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42 Comments

  1. Anonymous

    Lorraine Data Network servers are also available on port 443, and they provide a certificate on the linked webpage from which you can derive the SPKI pin.

    1. Sara Dickinson

      Thanks - updated!

  2. Anonymous

    1. Not all entries have the same color, can the styles be reseted?
    2. Is it possible to update the example stubby.yml file with the new servers?
    3. Should we create an more experimental list at the end and put the OARC DNS Privacy Server in there because no strict privacy supported?

  3. Anonymous

    Lorraine Data Network server is not enabled in monitoring

  4. Anonymous

    Wow, great! The following links should be corrected or removed. The JSON-Variant of the config should be updated or removed.

    A configuration file for Stubby containing a subset of these servers which can all be validated can be found here.

    A JSON file with the details of the same subset of servers can be downloaded here.

  5. Anonymous

    Still one death link: "The following are currently in the default Stubby config file mainly because they have been around longest and are the most stable."

    All adressed: You can now remove the last 4 comment from me

    1. Sara Dickinson

      Thanks for all the suggestions! I plan to add a yml and JSON file with the full set of servers to this page too. 

      LDN server was just added to the monitoring too. 

  6. Anonymous

    All entrys for IPv4 servers, except the logging ones, for use in the yml config file (110317): https://pastebin.com/Wd45uhXu

  7. Sara Dickinson

    Thanks - we already have a PR https://github.com/getdnsapi/stubby/pull/41 to add the servers to the .yml file so users can choose which ones to enable. Should be in the next release of Stubby.

  8. Anonymous

    Wow thanks for all fixes...

    Some small cosmetic bugs:

    • the order of the list on the Wiki is not the same than the yaml file
    • the UncensoredDNS server is not enabled in the yaml

  9. Anonymous

    The recently released knot-resolver 1.5.1 fixes some stability issues, please update and check if the issue still exist

    1. John Dickinson

      It doesn't fix them all unfortunately. We are working with the developers to get this fixed.

  10. Anonymous

    Getting "Server Not Found" for some domains in Firefox when using Stubby. Same domains work fine when using Google or OpenDNS servers.

    Do any of the test servers have issue trackers?

  11. Sara Dickinson

    It is more likely a problem with Stubby - do you have any logs from stubby? If so please open an issue here for us to help you debug:

    https://github.com/getdnsapi/stubby/issues

    Please let us know what OS you are using too. 

  12. Anonymous

    No. I'll enable logging and create an issue when I have the problem again.

  13. David Mora

    Hi Sara,

    It appears quad9 has officially announced support for DNS over TLS.

    https://www.quad9.net/faq/#Does_Quad9_support_DNS_over_TLS


    1. Sara Dickinson

      Woop! Thanks (smile)

  14. David Mora

    Hello -

    It appears Cloudflare has officially announced a DNS resolver service. Interestingly enough, they support both DNS-Over-TLS and DNS-Over-HTTPS. For DNS-Over-TLS they specifically state they support TLS 1.2 and 1.3.


    From some tests I have performed, it appears to be pretty quick.


    https://1.1.1.1/

    https://developers.cloudflare.com/1.1.1.1/dns-over-https/

    https://developers.cloudflare.com/1.1.1.1/dns-over-tls/

    1. bagio

      how to add on stubby.yaml i try something like this but fail ?

      here1

      here2


      edited: just delete the pinset and change transport from TLS to TCP and just work

      1. David Mora

        You should be able to use the transport TLS. I have something like this in my config:

        #Cloudflare
          - address_data: 1.1.1.1
            tls_auth_name: "cloudflare-dns.com"


        I think their doc might need a slight bit of clarification - they mention "dns.cloudflare.com" but if you check the example output they use "tls-host=cloudflare-dns.com"


        1. bagio

          yes the problem is on their cloudflare doc I just replace dns.cloudflare.com to cloudflare-dns.com work with pinset and TLS transport

          1. James Bond

            DOES NOT WORK ON MY END

            #Cloudflare

              - address_data: 1.1.1.1
                tls_auth_name: "cloudflare-dns.com"
                tls_pubkey_pinset:
                  - digest: "sha256"
                    value: yioEpqeR4WtDwE9YxNVnCEkTxIjx6EEIwFSQW+lJsbc=

            STUBBY: Read config from file stubby.yml

            STUBBY: Starting DAEMON....

            Could not schedule query: The context has internal deficiencies

            STUBBY: 1.1.1.1 : Conn opened : TLS - Strict Profile

            STUBBY: 1.1.1.1 : Verify failed : Transport=TLS - *Failure* -  (20) "unable to get local issuer certificate"

            STUBBY: 1.1.1.1 : Conn closed : Transport=TLS - *Failure*

            STUBBY: *FAILURE* no valid transports or upstreams available!

            STUBBY: 1.1.1.1 : Conn closed : TLS - Resps=0, Timeouts=0, Curr_auth=Failed, Keepalive(ms)=0

            STUBBY: 1.1.1.1 : Upstream : TLS - Resps=0, Timeouts=0, Best_auth=Failed

            STUBBY: 1.1.1.1 : Upstream : TLS - Conns=0, Conn_fails=0, Conn_shuts=0, Backoffs=0

            1. bagio

              try config david more with no pinset

              1. James Bond

                REMOVING PINSET MAKES NO DIFFERENCE


                #Cloudflare
                  - address_data: 1.1.1.1
                    tls_auth_name: "cloudflare-dns.com"


                STUBBY: *FAILURE* no valid transports or upstreams available!

                Could not schedule query: None of the configured upstreams could be used to send queries on the specified transports


                P.S.
                Other TLS resolvers such as unicast.censurfridns.dk work fine.
                Also, Cloudlflare’s DoH server works, so there are no issues with connectivity per se.

                1. bagio

                  I dont know what your problem but my config just something like

                  config

                  log

                  and just work


                  1. James Bond

                    Tried your settings, but it does not work on my end.

                    I put stubby.exe and stubby.yml into archive for you to examine, could you try it?

                    1. bagio

                      look like your config is broke

                      try to reinstall stuby

                      this my config from my raspbian I dont have ipv6 network so I leave ipv6 server resolver

                      if you want use my config that only need is just edit listen address then replace default stubby config

                      reference to edit

                      https://github.com/getdnsapi/stubby/blob/develop/stubby.yml.example


                      You need to be careful around whitespaces in yaml file, it's sensitive to it


                      edited wrong upload : https://transfer.sh/N5TkP/stubby.yml

                      1. James Bond

                        After trimming #commented parts and changing listen address, our configs appear to be identical, even whitespaces match. Alas, your config doesn’t work either. Hmm, perhaps Stubby’s for Raspberry works somehow differently than Stubby 0.0.2 for Windows 7 does…

                        Also, be aware that your config specifies port 5053 on a separate line which goes against the reference (I quote: “Use <IP_address>@<port> to specify a different port”).


                        1. bagio

                          that strange my stubby windows runing fine

                          stubbywindows

                          this my config stubby windows

                          https://transfer.sh/v8av8/stubby.yml

                          just paste my config to folder stubby and change dns on dhcp windows to 127.0.1.1

                          1. James Bond

                            Thanks for your diligent efforts, but it still does not work (downloaded the very YML and changed DHCP exactly to 127.0.1.1), log contains the same errors as before, Apprarently, I am not alone, check Github!

                            1. bagio

                              maybe Sara Dickinson can help or correct me if I wrong

  15. nick

    I would add CleanBrowsing Anycast DNS here as well. They support DNSCrypt, DoH and DNS over TLS on port 853.

    https://cleanbrowsing.org/dnsoverhttps

    IPv4 address: 185.228.168.168 and 185.228.168.169

    IPv6 address: 2a0d:2a00:1:: and 2a0d:2a00:2::


  16. Yingbo Qiu

    Hi Sara, I run a DoT & DoH DNS Service in China with minimal logging. The service is named 'Rubyfish DNS', ip address are 115.159.154.226, 47.99.165.31. Port 853 for DoT, 443 for DoH. Hostname for TLS-authentication is dns.rubyfish.cn, Location in East_China,  privacy policy page: https://www.rubyfish.cn/privacy

  17. Yingbo Qiu

    May you add my DoT server in "Servers with minimal logging/limitations" list? I run two servers for 2 months. I have renewed ssl certificate once and keep the fixed SPKI "DBDigty3zDS7TN/zbQOmnjZ0qW+qbRVzlsDKSsTwSxo=", It's the only public DoT service in China Mainland as far as I know.


    Hosted by: Rubyfish Internet Tech

    IP addresses: 115.159.154.226 and 47.99.165.31

    TLS Ports：853

    Hostname for TLS authentication：dns.rubyfish.cn

    SPKI pin：DBDigty3zDS7TN/zbQOmnjZ0qW+qbRVzlsDKSsTwSxo=

    Logging：Yes, see rubyfish website(only chinese version now)

    Software：Unbound

    Notes：115.159.154.226/ea-dns.rubyfish.cn use upstream located in Hongkong/Janpan to resolve domains poisoned by the China-GFW，47.99.165.31/uw-dns.rubyfish.cn use upstream located in US-West.

    1. Sara Dickinson

      I've added the server - thank you! One request - please consider enabling DNSSEC validation on your servers (smile)

      1. Yingbo Qiu

        Sure, I've enabled DNSSEC.   Would you update the Map of test server? 115.159.154.226 located in Shanghai, 47.99.165.31 located in Hangzhou.

  18. XYZM

    Hello, can you add the server I provided in mainland China to the list?
    Support DOT&&DOH, block ads and trackers.

    Service address:
    Shanghai (Eastern China): 47.101.136.37/edns.233py.com

    Chongqing (Western China): 118.24.208.197/wdns.233py.com

    Beijing (North China): 114.115.240.175/ndns.233py.com

    Guangzhou (Southern China): 119.29.107.85/sdns.233py.com

    TLS Ports: 853
    Hostname for TLS authentication: dns.233py.com
    Software: Unbound + DOH C/S

    Description address: https://dns.233py.com/

    Google is used upstream, why not use self-built? Because it needs to be friendly to CDN. At the same time, two servers in Hong Kong were used to avoid GFW pollution. We do not collect any data.


    1. Sara Dickinson

      Sorry for delay - done now

  19. GJQ

    HI Sara,

    Can you help to advise how do I configure Adguard DNS in stubby.  Attach link https://adguard.com/en/blog/adguard-dns-announcement/ for your information. I cannot get stubby to use the adguard dns. Please assist 

    1. Sara Dickinson

      Hope you got this working. If not, I've created a PR for the stubby config file with new AdGuard configuration:

      https://github.com/getdnsapi/stubby/pull/161

  20. David Guo

    Hi all,

    We've launched our DNS project. Information is available at https://dns.sb/


    DoT

    Hosted By:

    xTom

    IP Address (Anycast):

    185.222.222.222 or 185.184.222.222

    2a09:: or 2a09::1

    TLS Port:

    853

    Hostname:

    dns.sb

    SPKI pin(s):

    /qCm+kZoAyouNBtgd1MPMS/cwpN4KLr60bAtajPLt0k=
    (Expiry Date: Thursday, March 18, 2021)

    DoH

    URL:

    https://doh.dns.sb/dns-query


    ToS:

    https://dns.sb/tos/

    Privacy:

    https://dns.sb/privacy/


  21. Lucas Allen

    Secure DNS Project by PumpleX

    Hosted in the UK OVH 

    No Logging / Ad-Blocking 

    Information at https://dns.oszx.co


    DoT: 


    IPv4:

    51.38.83.141

    IPv6:

    2001:41d0:801:2000::d64

    Port:

    853

    Auth Name:

    dns.oszx.co

    SPKI Pin:

    P/Auj1pm8MiUpeIxGcrEuMJOQV+pgPY0MR4awpclvT4=



    DoH:


    Address:

    https://dns.oszx.co/dns-query

    IPv4 Stamp:

    sdns://AgIAAAAAAAAADDUxLjM4LjgzLjE0MYAAC2Rucy5vc3p4LmNvCi9kbnMtcXVlcnk

    IPv6 Stamp:

    sdns://AgIAAAAAAAAAFzIwMDE6NDFkMDo4MDE6MjAwMDo6ZDY0gAALZG5zLm9zenguY28KL2Rucy1xdWVyeQ



    DNSCrypt v2:


    Address:

    2.dnscrypt-cert.oszx.co

    Port:

    5353

    IPv4 Stamp:

    sdns://AQIAAAAAAAAAETUxLjM4LjgzLjE0MTo1MzUzIMwm9_oYw26P4JIVoDhJ_5kFDdNxX1ke4fEzL1V5bwEjFzIuZG5zY3J5cHQtY2VydC5vc3p4LmNv

    IPv6 Stamp:

    sdns://AQIAAAAAAAAAHDIwMDE6NDFkMDo4MDE6MjAwMDo6ZDY0OjUzNTMgzCb3-hjDbo_gkhWgOEn_mQUN03FfWR7h8TMvVXlvASMXMi5kbnNjcnlwdC1jZXJ0Lm9zenguY28